# kaal:claim:1558614-012

**Claim.** Hindsight bias exerts a stronger influence on how excessive risk is defined in countries culturally predisposed to dwell on their own past, while countries oriented toward a future unlike the past more easily dismiss earlier financial lessons as irrelevant.

**Type.** mechanism  **Support.** argued

**Holds when.**

- applies to the ex post characterization of risk as excessive

**Source quote.**

> Hindsight bias and other concep- tual approaches rooted in past experience—including valid lessons learned from past experience—may exert a more powerful influence in a country that is otherwise predisposed to be concerned with its past

**From.** Painter and Kaal, *Initial Reflections on an Evolving Standard Constraints on Risk Taking by Directors and Officers in* (2010), III. Cultural Components of Risk Taking and Controlling Risk, page 17

**Cite as.** Painter and Kaal, Initial Reflections on an Evolving Standard Constraints on Risk Taking by Directors and Officers in (2010). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1558614

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `e898211630f4116879329d6de8397523dca5b066864147421aa5cbc7429dc83b` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Painter%20and%20Kaal%20-%202010%20-%20Initial%20Reflections%20on%20an%20Evolving%20Standard%20Constraints%20on%20Risk%20Taking%20by%20Directors%20and%20Officers%20in.pdf

**Topics.** risk-and-incentives

**Keywords.** hindsight-bias, risk-culture, excessive-risk, comparative-regulation

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