{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "Claim",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/1998455-015",
 "identifier": "kaal:claim:1998455-015",
 "text": "Divergent national definitions of Tier 1 capital produce a distortion: financial institutions in countries with stricter definitions that exclude contingent capital appear to hold less capital and thinner capital cushions than institutions in countries with broader definitions, and investors may read that appearance as a negative attribute.",
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Initial Reflections on the Possible Application of Contingent Capital in Corporate Governance (2012). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1998455",
 "isBasedOn": {
  "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  "name": "Initial Reflections on the Possible Application of Contingent Capital in Corporate Governance",
  "datePublished": "2012",
  "url": "https://ssrn.com/abstract=1998455",
  "sha256": "1c16ff10a284469ba15fb7ba5523449b917388ee692d9b394f9e8c094544e32c",
  "encoding": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Kaal%20-%202012%20-%20Initial%20Reflections%20on%20the%20Possible%20Application%20of%20Contingent%20Capital%20in%20Corporate%20Governance.pdf"
 },
 "keywords": [
  "regulatory-failure",
  "systemic-risk",
  "contingent-capital"
 ],
 "about": [
  "tier-1-capital",
  "regulatory-arbitrage",
  "harmonization",
  "basel-iii",
  "contingent-capital"
 ],
 "abstract": "Financial institutions in countries that use stricter definitions on Tier 1 capital and do not recognize contin- gent capital as Tier 1 capital could appear to have less capital and thinner capital cushions than financial institutions in countries with broader definitions for Tier 1 capital.",
 "additionalProperty": [
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "claim_type",
   "value": "mechanism"
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "confidence",
   "value": "argued"
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "scope_conditions",
   "value": [
    "absent harmonized EU wide or international standards for Tier 1 capital"
   ]
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "is_failure_mode",
   "value": true
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "attestations",
   "value": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/colloquium/attestations/381eaccd639bb5b5efeb5dbb3b5b586c599f5a6e131930828c72156267cc9081.json"
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "edges",
   "value": [
    {
     "rel": "extends",
     "to": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/1908473-021",
     "to_id": "kaal:claim:1908473-021",
     "similarity": 0.43
    },
    {
     "rel": "extended_by",
     "to": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2061166-038",
     "to_id": "kaal:claim:2061166-038",
     "similarity": 0.366
    }
   ]
  }
 ],
 "isPartOf": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/index.json"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-27",
 "version": "1.0",
 "sha256": "381eaccd639bb5b5efeb5dbb3b5b586c599f5a6e131930828c72156267cc9081",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/1998455-015.md"
}