# kaal:claim:2029983-007

**Claim.** Harmonization can fail on the merits: the harmonious rule may be the wrong rule for the problem it addresses, or it may become the wrong rule later as circumstances change.

**Type.** failure  **Support.** argued

**Holds when.**

- most acute in fast evolving areas such as financial regulation

**Source quote.**

> "harmonious" rule may be the wrong rule for solving a particu- lar problem, or the rule could become wrong later based on changing circumstances.

**From.** Wulf A. Kaal, Richard W. Painter, *Forum Competition and Choice of Law Competition in Securities Law after Morrison v. National Austral* (2012), I.A. The Harmonization Alternative, page 17

**Cite as.** Wulf A. Kaal, Richard W. Painter, Forum Competition and Choice of Law Competition in Securities Law after Morrison v. National Austral (2012). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2029983

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `fde2ff611420eb283cbb49a6b681a2ae8efa2b4603ae71480e2d91483f0295f2` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Kaal%20and%20Painter%20-%202012%20-%20Forum%20Competition%20and%20Choice%20of%20Law%20Competition%20in%20Securities%20Law%20after%20Morrison%20v.%20National%20Austral.pdf

**Failure mode.** wrong-harmonious-rule  (family: harmonization-and-standardization-failure)

**Topics.** economics, law-and-legal-systems

**Keywords.** harmonization, financial-regulation, rule-design, jurisdictional-competition

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