# kaal:claim:2150377-017

**Claim.** A treatment and control design is unavailable for studying registration effects, because managers who did not have to register have no exposure to the treatment and therefore cannot generate informative responses about its effects.

**Type.** design  **Support.** argued

**Holds when.**

- survey research on the effects of mandatory registration
- where the treatment is exposure to the registration requirement itself

**Source quote.**

> Interviewing the treatment group, hedge fund managers who had to register, and a control group, hedge fund managers who did not have to register, would not have yielded appropriate responses because the control group would have had no exposure to the effect of the treatment, registration.

**From.** Wulf A. Kaal, *Hedge Fund Manager Registration Under the Dodd-Frank Act* (2012), C. Selection Bias

**Cite as.** Wulf A. Kaal, Hedge Fund Manager Registration Under the Dodd-Frank Act (2012). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2150377

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `0b58bb409cac7674d78515f5374096f9a349de3bbd1983c990e0edc85a635a09` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Kaal%20-%202012%20-%20Hedge%20Fund%20Manager%20Registration%20Under%20the%20Dodd-Frank%20Act.pdf

**Failure mode.** no-usable-control-group  (family: research-design-limitation)

**Topics.** empirical-evidence, research-methods

**Keywords.** research-design, control-group, treatment-effect, selection-bias, survey-methodology

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