# kaal:claim:2317580-038

**Claim.** Governance of health care providers is distinctively complicated because directors must balance patients, physicians, taxpayers, the government, and shareholders, and substantial government involvement and liability through Medicare and Medicaid make the taxpaying public a stakeholder.

**Type.** mechanism  **Support.** argued

**Holds when.**

- directors of health care corporations
- Medicare and Medicaid participation

**Source quote.**

> Substantial government involvement and liability through Medicare and Medicaid further complicates governance of health care providers because the taxpaying public is a stakeholder.

**From.** Wulf A. Kaal, Elizabeth R. Malay, *The Role of Corporate Integrity Agreements in the Expansion of Fiduciary Duties* (2013), IV.3 Limitations, page 20

**Cite as.** Wulf A. Kaal, Elizabeth R. Malay, The Role of Corporate Integrity Agreements in the Expansion of Fiduciary Duties (2013). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2317580

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `50973e1e820aef47a4e7ffdbdcb513d03f1845643fcf4fa5910e9528a0b7dac2` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Kaal%20and%20Malay%20-%202013%20-%20The%20Role%20of%20Corporate%20Integrity%20Agreements%20in%20the%20Expansion%20of%20Fiduciary%20Duties.pdf

**Topics.** governance-design, corporate-governance

**Keywords.** stakeholders, health-care-governance, medicare, medicaid, shareholder-primacy

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of the claim. Its sha256 is the content hash used for attestation.