# kaal:claim:2808132-009

**Claim.** Because artificial intelligence is not recognized as a subject of law in national or international law, it has no legal personality and therefore cannot be personally liable for damages it causes.

**Type.** failure  **Support.** argued

**Holds when.**

- current national and international legal frameworks
- autonomous AI acting without supervision

**Source quote.**

> provisions in the existing regulatory framework. However, national and international law do not (currently) recognize AI as a subject of law. Without legal personality, AI cannot be personally liable for damages.63 With autonomous AI playing an expanding role in

**From.** Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P.M. Vermeulen, *How to Regulate Disruptive Innovation - From Facts to Data* (2016), III. Disruptive Innovation as a Regulatory Challenge, page 15

**Cite as.** Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P.M. Vermeulen, How to Regulate Disruptive Innovation - From Facts to Data (2016). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2808132

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `3515f2317ed9c1d33ae55d70467cdf1f6c4e350065ea6a887d5d7619599ad7d2` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Kaal%20and%20Vermeulen%20-%202016%20-%20How%20to%20Regulate%20Disruptive%20Innovation%20-%20From%20Facts%20to%20Data.pdf

**Failure mode.** AI liability gap  (family: legal-personality-and-liability-gap)

**Topics.** ai-and-agents, law-and-legal-systems

**Keywords.** artificial-intelligence, legal-personality, liability-gap, regulatory-challenge

**Related claims.**

- restated_by: https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2834531-002
- restates: https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2740477-007

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