# kaal:claim:2808132-028

**Claim.** The collective action problem of rulemaking, the problems of trial-and-error rulemaking, and the problems of regulatory cycles derive largely from the nature of stable and presumptively optimal rules themselves, not from unrelated institutional defects.

**Type.** mechanism  **Support.** argued

**Holds when.**

- regulatory regimes whose outcomes are stable rather than adaptive

**Source quote.**

> problems associated with trial-and-error rulemaking, and problems associated with regulatory cycles derive largely from the nature of stable and presumptively optimal rules.108 Rulemaking with dynamic elements increases the use of institution-specific,

**From.** Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P.M. Vermeulen, *How to Regulate Disruptive Innovation - From Facts to Data* (2016), IV. Dynamic Regulation as a Regulatory Supplement, page 23

**Cite as.** Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P.M. Vermeulen, How to Regulate Disruptive Innovation - From Facts to Data (2016). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2808132

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `3515f2317ed9c1d33ae55d70467cdf1f6c4e350065ea6a887d5d7619599ad7d2` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Kaal%20and%20Vermeulen%20-%202016%20-%20How%20to%20Regulate%20Disruptive%20Innovation%20-%20From%20Facts%20to%20Data.pdf

**Failure mode.** Stable rules as root cause  (family: rule-obsolescence-and-ossification)

**Topics.** institutional-design, dynamic-regulation

**Keywords.** stable-rules, collective-action, regulatory-cycles, trial-and-error, dynamic-regulation

**Related claims.**

- restates: https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2740477-027
- extends: https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/kaal-2014-dynamicregulationviagove-008
- extends: https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2267560-039
- extends: https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2740477-001
- extends: https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2267560-037

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