# kaal:claim:2811729-017

**Claim.** The authors operationalize unconstrained status by binary coding eleven prospectus characteristics and treating a score of nine or better as unconstrained, producing a final study sample of 84 funds out of 114 funds identified in the Morningstar Nontraditional Bond index.

**Type.** definitional  **Support.** evidenced

**Holds when.**

- Morningstar Nontraditional Bond index constituents
- most recent fund-level prospectuses as of the study

**Source quote.**

> of purely unconstrained mutual funds (i.e., those which were the focus of this study) (N=84) included only those UMFs that scored a "9" or better out of a total of 114 funds identified in the Morningstar Nontraditional Bond index.

**From.** Wulf A. Kaal, *Unconstrained Mutual Funds and Retail Investor Protection* (2016), IV. Data, page 33

**Cite as.** Wulf A. Kaal, Unconstrained Mutual Funds and Retail Investor Protection (2016). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2811729

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `0877b0a076f2614559cb0b1a736f73401cecbee7cfe014da6e36709208e92a74` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Kaal%20and%20Anderson%20-%202016%20-%20Unconstrained%20Mutual%20Funds%20and%20Retail%20Investor%20Protection.pdf

**Topics.** research-methods, open-source-and-code, securities-law, empirical-evidence

**Keywords.** methodology, coding-scheme, morningstar, prospectus-analysis, sample-construction

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of the claim. Its sha256 is the content hash used for attestation.