# kaal:claim:2834531-002

**Claim.** Because neither national nor international law recognizes artificial intelligence as a subject of law, AI has no legal personality and therefore cannot itself be held liable for the damages it causes.

**Type.** mechanism  **Support.** asserted

**Holds when.**

- under the legal frameworks in force as of 2017

**Source quote.**

> Because national and international law do not currently recognize AI as a subject of law, AI has no legal personality and as such cannot be held personally liable for damages.

**From.** Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P. M. Vermeulen, *Regulation Tomorrow What Happens When Technology Is Faster Than the Law* (2017), III. THE FACTUAL BASIS OF MODERN REGULATION, page 8

**Cite as.** Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P. M. Vermeulen, Regulation Tomorrow What Happens When Technology Is Faster Than the Law (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2834531

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `9cd875ebdb0266febbdcdabfca5b9b9f0de1b7ad9e3d5a8a5971bdbe469323b7` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Fenwick%20et%20al.%20-%202017%20-%20Regulation%20Tomorrow%20What%20Happens%20When%20Technology%20Is%20Faster%20Than%20the%20Law.pdf

**Failure mode.** liability gap for autonomous systems  (family: legal-personality-and-liability-gap)

**Topics.** ai-and-agents, law-and-legal-systems

**Keywords.** artificial-intelligence, legal-personality, liability, regulatory-gap

**Related claims.**

- restates: https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2808132-009
- restates: https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2740477-007

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