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 "text": "The historical private fund management fee of 2% has shifted in recent years to roughly 1.0% for new managers and 1.5 to 1.8% for established managers with an adequate track record.",
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 "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Blockchain Applications and Fee Structure Developments in Private Investment Funds (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2959730",
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