# kaal:claim:2959730-020

**Claim.** Cryptographic hashing makes blockchain manipulation immediately detectable because the hash incorporates all previous transactions, so that even a single digit change produces a different hash value.

**Type.** mechanism  **Support.** argued

**Holds when.**

- chained hashing that incorporates all prior transactions

**Source quote.**

> The smallest change to the blockchain, even a single digit/value, results in a different hash value. A different hash value makes any form of manipulation immediately detectable.

**From.** Wulf A. Kaal, *Blockchain Applications and Fee Structure Developments in Private Investment Funds* (2017), IV. Blockchain Technology, page 11

**Cite as.** Wulf A. Kaal, Blockchain Applications and Fee Structure Developments in Private Investment Funds (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2959730

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `ebd86972d8817b0c1c80326ae5564476983cedba3f258ff3b2610f156b93fb50` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Kaal%20-%202017%20-%20Blockchain%20Applications%20and%20Fee%20Structure%20Developments%20in%20Private%20Investment%20Funds.pdf

**Topics.** consensus-and-security, citation-and-knowledge, blockchain

**Keywords.** cryptographic-hashing, tamper-detection, blockchain-security, immutability

**Related claims.**

- restated_by: https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3071378-005
- restated_by: https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3227933-015
- restated_by: https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3227967-019

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