{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "Claim",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3017612-010",
 "identifier": "kaal:claim:3017612-010",
 "text": "MBCA Section 7.32 requires a writing but, departing from earlier statutes, does not require the agreement to sit in the articles or bylaws, so stand alone written shareholder agreements are expressly valid.",
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7840-1847"
 },
 "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Shareholder Agreements - National Report of the United States of America (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3017612",
 "isBasedOn": {
  "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  "name": "Shareholder Agreements - National Report of the United States of America",
  "datePublished": "2017",
  "url": "https://ssrn.com/abstract=3017612",
  "sha256": "33821db406f92efbe1698fbaed37687595c13b7ce5463b4a879df679fd4af1ac",
  "encoding": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Kaal%20-%202017%20-%20Shareholder%20Agreements%20-%20National%20Report%20of%20the%20United%20States%20of%20America.pdf"
 },
 "keywords": [
  "governance-design"
 ],
 "about": [
  "writing-requirement",
  "stand-alone-agreements",
  "mbca-7-32",
  "charter-integration"
 ],
 "abstract": "The agreement must be in writing, but unlike some earlier statutes, the written agreement does not have to be in the articles or bylaws—stand-alone written agreements are specifically allowed.",
 "additionalProperty": [
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "claim_type",
   "value": "definitional"
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "confidence",
   "value": "evidenced"
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "scope_conditions",
   "value": [
    "MBCA Section 7.32 agreements"
   ]
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "is_failure_mode",
   "value": false
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "attestations",
   "value": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/colloquium/attestations/1c8a794cc85c0d351b56a18f16b87c34efeba0286c845ba036701baeaf17c591.json"
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "edges",
   "value": []
  }
 ],
 "isPartOf": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/index.json"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-27",
 "version": "1.0",
 "sha256": "1c8a794cc85c0d351b56a18f16b87c34efeba0286c845ba036701baeaf17c591",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3017612-010.md"
}