# kaal:claim:3017612-013

**Claim.** Voting arrangements are not self executing: their existence does not relieve the corporation of observing the legal formalities of director and shareholder action.

**Type.** failure  **Support.** asserted

**Holds when.**

- voting trusts, pooling agreements, and irrevocable proxies

**Source quote.**

> Voting arrangements are not self-executing, and the mere existence of a voting arrangement does not mean that the corporation should dispense with the legal formalities of director and shareholder actions.

**From.** Wulf A. Kaal, *Shareholder Agreements - National Report of the United States of America* (2017), III.1 Shareholders' Agreements on Shareholder Rights, page 7

**Cite as.** Wulf A. Kaal, Shareholder Agreements - National Report of the United States of America (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3017612

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `33821db406f92efbe1698fbaed37687595c13b7ce5463b4a879df679fd4af1ac` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Kaal%20-%202017%20-%20Shareholder%20Agreements%20-%20National%20Report%20of%20the%20United%20States%20of%20America.pdf

**Failure mode.** non-self-executing-voting-arrangement  (family: legal-personality-and-liability-gap)

**Topics.** governance-design, risk-and-incentives

**Keywords.** voting-agreements, corporate-formalities, self-execution, implementation-risk

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of the claim. Its sha256 is the content hash used for attestation.