# kaal:claim:3017612-038

**Claim.** Because damages rarely provide an adequate remedy for breach of a shareholder agreement, refusing specific enforcement amounts in substance to declaring the agreement invalid.

**Type.** mechanism  **Support.** argued

**Holds when.**

- suits to enforce shareholder voting agreements

**Source quote.**

> Most often a suit for damages does not provide an adequate remedy for a breach of a shareholder agreement, so the denial of specific enforcement essentially declares the agreement invalid.

**From.** Wulf A. Kaal, *Shareholder Agreements - National Report of the United States of America* (2017), V. Enforcement of Shareholders' Agreements, page 19

**Cite as.** Wulf A. Kaal, Shareholder Agreements - National Report of the United States of America (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3017612

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `33821db406f92efbe1698fbaed37687595c13b7ce5463b4a879df679fd4af1ac` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Kaal%20-%202017%20-%20Shareholder%20Agreements%20-%20National%20Report%20of%20the%20United%20States%20of%20America.pdf

**Failure mode.** denial-of-specific-performance-nullifies-agreement  (family: enforcement-gap)

**Topics.** governance-design

**Keywords.** specific-performance, remedies, enforceability, voting-agreements

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of the claim. Its sha256 is the content hash used for attestation.