# kaal:claim:3071378-025

**Claim.** By some estimates the lack of inclusion of minorities in corporate America costs the U.S. economy one trillion dollars per year once the pay gap between whites and minorities is taken into account.

**Type.** empirical  **Support.** evidenced

**Holds when.**

- estimates accounting for the white-minority pay gap

**Source quote.**

> According to some estimates, the lack of inclusion of minorities in corporate America costs the U.S. economy $1 trillion per year, taking into account the pay gap between whites and minorities. 85

**From.** Wulf A. Kaal, *Blockchain Technology and Race in Corporate America* (2017), III.3 Boards of Directors, page 19

**Cite as.** Wulf A. Kaal, Blockchain Technology and Race in Corporate America (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3071378

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `125f01674d13b6bb0310c4be7a20ff538dccbc36ecf352770b3c580028387edd` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Kaal%20-%202017%20-%20Blockchain%20Technology%20and%20Race%20in%20Corporate%20America.pdf

**Topics.** economics, corporate-governance

**Keywords.** cost-of-exclusion, pay-gap, economic-loss, board-diversity

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