# kaal:claim:3125822-007

**Claim.** The hidden voting scheme depends on the choice of symmetric encryption protocol: a poorly chosen protocol exposes the platform to a birthday problem attack in which malicious voters submit an encrypted key that can be decrypted in two different ways, letting them retroactively choose their vote.

**Type.** failure  **Support.** asserted

**Holds when.**

- applies to the hidden vote reveal step of a validation pool

**Source quote.**

> This symmetric encryption protocol must be chosen carefully to avoid the birthday problem attack, where malicious voters could send an encrypted key that could be decrypted in two different ways.

**From.** Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Vlad Andrei, *Blockchain Infrastructure for Measuring Domain Specific Reputation in Autonomous Decentralized and A* (2018), 3.1 Core basics, page 9

**Cite as.** Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Vlad Andrei, Blockchain Infrastructure for Measuring Domain Specific Reputation in Autonomous Decentralized and A (2018). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3125822

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `d4d0bbaa3260968226186131d60e6d64a53e904d94e4295c61fd17042f1191ef` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Calcaterra%20et%20al.%20-%202018%20-%20Blockchain%20Infrastructure%20for%20Measuring%20Domain%20Specific%20Reputation%20in%20Autonomous%20Decentralized%20and%20A.pdf

**Failure mode.** birthday problem vote equivocation  (family: consensus-and-protocol-attack)

**Topics.** consensus-and-security, citation-and-knowledge

**Keywords.** vote-hiding, cryptography, birthday-attack, validation-pool

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of the claim. Its sha256 is the content hash used for attestation.