# kaal:claim:3125822-036

**Claim.** Under certain restrictive assumptions it has been proven that no protocol can guarantee fair exchange with decentralized arbiters, so no design on this architecture can promise absolute certainty of fair machine arbitration.

**Type.** failure  **Support.** evidenced

**Holds when.**

- holds under the restrictive assumptions of the cited impossibility result

**Source quote.**

> Under certain restrictive assumptions, it has been proven that no protocol can be created which will guarantee fair exchange with decentralized arbiters

**From.** Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Vlad Andrei, *Blockchain Infrastructure for Measuring Domain Specific Reputation in Autonomous Decentralized and A* (2018), 7.4.3 Example: Machine arbiters, page 36

**Cite as.** Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Vlad Andrei, Blockchain Infrastructure for Measuring Domain Specific Reputation in Autonomous Decentralized and A (2018). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3125822

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `d4d0bbaa3260968226186131d60e6d64a53e904d94e4295c61fd17042f1191ef` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Calcaterra%20et%20al.%20-%202018%20-%20Blockchain%20Infrastructure%20for%20Measuring%20Domain%20Specific%20Reputation%20in%20Autonomous%20Decentralized%20and%20A.pdf

**Failure mode.** fair exchange impossibility  (family: consensus-and-protocol-attack)

**Topics.** defi, decentralization, law-and-legal-systems

**Keywords.** fair-exchange, impossibility-result, machine-arbiter, decentralized-arbitration

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of the claim. Its sha256 is the content hash used for attestation.