# kaal:claim:3125827-013

**Claim.** Altruism cannot be relied on in a decentralized anonymous system, so fees are ultimately crucial; the authors conclude that several blockchains with different fee structures must exist so that different transaction values can be given correspondingly different security.

**Type.** condition  **Support.** argued

**Holds when.**

- selfish participants in anonymous decentralized systems
- transactions of widely varying value

**Source quote.**

> Fees are crucial at some point, since we cannot rely on altruism in a decentralized, anonymous system in our selfish world. Therefore it seems necessary for there to exist several blockchains with different fee structures to guarantee different security for different

**From.** Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, *Secure Proof of Stake Protocol* (2018), 2.2 Soft attacks, page 9

**Cite as.** Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Secure Proof of Stake Protocol (2018). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3125827

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `598d9bd95e4af7a0a35328677c6bfc069f69f2e32c30c720b3a0be98a23a40cb` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Calcaterra%20and%20Kaal%20-%202018%20-%20Secure%20Proof%20of%20Stake%20Protocol.pdf

**Topics.** consensus-and-security

**Keywords.** fee-structure, security-budget, altruism, multi-chain, transaction-value

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