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 "text": "SPoS makes stake grinding impossible by deriving the pseudo random seed from a hash of the alphabetized join of the symmetric keys all validators submit during vote revealing; the protocol holds even if only a single validator is not colluding.",
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7840-1847"
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 "citation": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Secure Proof of Stake Protocol (2018). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3125827",
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  "name": "Secure Proof of Stake Protocol",
  "datePublished": "2018",
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 "keywords": [
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 "abstract": "in SPoS the seed used is a hash of the joined alphabetized symmetric keys that were submitted by all validators during the vote revealing process. This protocol completely prevents stake grinding even if only one validator is not colluding.",
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