# kaal:claim:3125827-019

**Claim.** Any blockchain whose soft forks are decided through private communication between famous token holding whales is ultimately less secure than legacy centralized systems, which at least address centralized security risks deliberately.

**Type.** failure  **Support.** argued

**Holds when.**

- off chain governance conducted privately among large holders and developers

**Source quote.**

> Any blockchain subject to such governance is ultimately less secure than legacy centralized systems which pointedly address centralized security risks.

**From.** Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, *Secure Proof of Stake Protocol* (2018), 2.2 Soft attacks, page 11

**Cite as.** Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Secure Proof of Stake Protocol (2018). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3125827

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `598d9bd95e4af7a0a35328677c6bfc069f69f2e32c30c720b3a0be98a23a40cb` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Calcaterra%20and%20Kaal%20-%202018%20-%20Secure%20Proof%20of%20Stake%20Protocol.pdf

**Failure mode.** whale-mediated-governance  (family: plutocratic-capture)

**Topics.** blockchain, governance-design, consensus-and-security, decentralization

**Keywords.** blockchain-governance, soft-forks, whales, centralization, on-chain-governance

**Related claims.**

- extended_by: https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3441904-040

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of the claim. Its sha256 is the content hash used for attestation.