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 "text": "An attacker who buys sem tokens directly from the platform by sending fees must spend at least twice, and more likely six times, the entire historical value of the platform, so the griefing factor is a minimum of 2 with an average of 6.",
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7840-1847"
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 "citation": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Secure Proof of Stake Protocol (2018). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3125827",
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  "name": "Secure Proof of Stake Protocol",
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 "abstract": "attacker would lose a significant amount of money to achieve their goal, at least twice the entire historical value of the platform--more likely the factor would be 6 times the total value (see Appendix A.1 for a proof). So the griefing factor is a minimum of 2 with an average of 6,",
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