# kaal:claim:3227933-001

**Claim.** Centralized, hierarchical organizations are defined by three features: a centralized source of authority, a closed formal hierarchy with functionally differentiated roles, and standardized bureaucratic procedures dictated and policed by that hierarchy.

**Type.** definitional  **Support.** asserted

**Source quote.**

> (i) a centralized source of authority; (ii) a closed and formal hierarchy with clearly defined and functionally differentiated roles; and, (iii) standardized (bureaucratic) systems and operating procedures dictated and policed by the centralized authority/hierarchy.

**From.** Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P.M. Vermeulen, *Why 'Blockchain' Will Disrupt Corporate Organizations* (2018), 1. Introduction, page 5

**Cite as.** Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P.M. Vermeulen, Why 'Blockchain' Will Disrupt Corporate Organizations (2018). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3227933

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `a9e9660c4dc25a2202f1da4e762f5885256e05f68c53ca51942f5833a7a4c108` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Fenwick%20et%20al.%20-%202018%20-%20Why%20%27Blockchain%27%20Will%20Disrupt%20Corporate%20Organizations.pdf

**Topics.** decentralization, institutional-design

**Keywords.** centralized-organizations, hierarchy, organizational-form, bureaucracy

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