# kaal:claim:3249860-036

**Claim.** App-specific tokens exert less influence over value from other projects and typically fail to support a broader user market, because their limited use curtails user access.

**Type.** failure  **Support.** argued

**Holds when.**

- tokens fundamentally restricted for use in a given ecosystem

**Source quote.**

> App-specific tokens generally can exert less influence over the value from other projects. App-specific tokens also typically do not allow for a broader user market as the limited use of the token curtails user access.

**From.** Wulf A. Kaal, *Crypto Economics - The Top 100 Token Models Compared* (2018), IV.8 Ecosystem Breadth, page 26

**Cite as.** Wulf A. Kaal, Crypto Economics - The Top 100 Token Models Compared (2018). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3249860

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `72b13f11002ba26206cd53e74c324b913d1830c642bfa024da6bac0d3af3a7b0` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Kaal%20-%202018%20-%20Crypto%20Economics%20-%20The%20Top%20100%20Token%20Models%20Compared.pdf

**Failure mode.** app-specific-token-lock-in  (family: token-transferability-defect)

**Topics.** tokenomics

**Keywords.** app-specific-tokens, user-access, ecosystem-breadth, token-design

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of the claim. Its sha256 is the content hash used for attestation.