# kaal:claim:3266953-008

**Claim.** Every centralized reputation score can be sybil attacked, because fake internet accounts or fictitious ratings disrupt true reputation scoring.

**Type.** failure  **Support.** asserted

**Holds when.**

- centralized reputation scoring systems

**Source quote.**

> All centralized reputation scores can be sybil attacked, e.g. fake internet accounts (sockpuppets) or fictitious ratings disrupt true reputation scoring

**From.** Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Gopinath Sivalingam, *Reputation Protocol for the Internet of Trust - Conceptual Whitepaper* (2018), Internet-Based Platforms Use of Reputation Metrics, page 9

**Cite as.** Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Gopinath Sivalingam, Reputation Protocol for the Internet of Trust - Conceptual Whitepaper (2018). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3266953

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `781758dea356e55d79c73ad7f1debe7c83de398bd1cd9e0a9a6c2802f276b4c0` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Calcaterra%20et%20al.%20-%202018%20-%20Reputation%20Protocol%20for%20the%20Internet%20of%20Trust%20-%20Conceptual%20Whitepaper.pdf

**Failure mode.** sybil attack on centralized reputation  (family: sybil-and-identity-attack)

**Topics.** consensus-and-security, decentralization, reputation

**Keywords.** sybil-attack, sockpuppet, centralized-reputation, reputation-scoring

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of the claim. Its sha256 is the content hash used for attestation.