# kaal:claim:3396522-030

**Claim.** The lack of interoperability is a very serious threat to the survivability of cryptocurrency projects, as the crypto winter of 2018 and 2019 demonstrated when thousands of competing, non interoperable projects failed.

**Type.** failure  **Support.** evidenced

**Source quote.**

> The lack of interoperability is a very serious threat of survivability of cryptocurrency projects.

**From.** Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Vadhindran K. Rao, *Stable Cryptocurrencies* (2019), IV. Stable Cryptocurrencies, 8. Interoperability, page 40

**Cite as.** Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Vadhindran K. Rao, Stable Cryptocurrencies (2019). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3396522

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `ef5031b16aa53476ed618f0bdf92601cd4affb893692c701134bd9cba3ea8acf` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Calcaterra%20et%20al.%20-%202019%20-%20Stable%20Cryptocurrencies.pdf

**Failure mode.** interoperability-failure-kills-projects  (family: interoperability-and-fragmentation)

**Topics.** economics

**Keywords.** interoperability, crypto-winter, project-survival, competition, market-structure

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