# kaal:claim:3406323-038

**Claim.** Without a core common ethical denominator, decentralized systems cannot last: they lose coherence, become attackable, and can be corrupted, leading to suboptimal societal outcomes.

**Type.** failure  **Support.** asserted

**Holds when.**

- decentralized systems, as with any prior attempt to organize society

**Source quote.**

> Without a core common ethical denominator, decentralized systems cannot last, they lose coherence, become attackable, and can be corrupted, leading to suboptimal societal outcomes.

**From.** Wulf A. Kaal, *Decentralization - A Primer on the New Economy* (2019), VII. Ethical Governance, page 18

**Cite as.** Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralization - A Primer on the New Economy (2019). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3406323

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `6293780b57a1ae1de17ec00f99cc94295d4f72ea4d08b17a5c08c44772b221db` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Kaal%20-%202019%20-%20Decentralization%20-%20A%20Primer%20on%20the%20New%20Economy.pdf

**Failure mode.** missing-ethical-denominator  (family: collective-action-and-coordination-failure)

**Topics.** governance-design, decentralization

**Keywords.** ethical-governance, system-coherence, corruption, decentralized-systems

**Related claims.**

- restated_by: https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3411897-039

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of the claim. Its sha256 is the content hash used for attestation.