# kaal:claim:3411897-002

**Claim.** Decentralized systems have no central intelligence or hierarchical leadership; intelligence is instead spread throughout the system, and information filters in at the edges where the action is and where most real time information is created.

**Type.** definitional  **Support.** asserted

**Holds when.**

- applies to existing decentralized systems generally

**Source quote.**

> systems do not have a central intelligence or leadership system based on traditional hierarchies. Instead, the intelligence is spread throughout the system. Information and knowledge naturally filter in at the edges of the system

**From.** Wulf A. Kaal, *Decentralization - Past, Present, and Future* (2019), Part I: The Past, What is Decentralization?, page 6

**Cite as.** Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralization - Past, Present, and Future (2019). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3411897

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `82f0aea026b3e3a526ec51bc073b3b864dc06cd9083ff9c54c550037045edaa9` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Kaal%20-%202019%20-%20Decentralization%20-%20Past%2C%20Present%2C%20and%20Future.pdf

**Topics.** decentralization

**Keywords.** decentralization, edge-intelligence, information-flow, system-design

**Related claims.**

- restates: https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3406323-001

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of the claim. Its sha256 is the content hash used for attestation.