# kaal:claim:3411897-010

**Claim.** Market leaders, successful institutions, and managers fail specifically when they do not distinguish sustaining technologies from disruptive technologies.

**Type.** failure  **Support.** argued

**Holds when.**

- environments in which disruptive innovation is present

**Source quote.**

> Market leaders, successful institutions, and managers fail when they do not distinguish sustaining technologies from disruptive technologies.

**From.** Wulf A. Kaal, *Decentralization - Past, Present, and Future* (2019), Part I: The Past, How We Got This Far, page 16

**Cite as.** Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralization - Past, Present, and Future (2019). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3411897

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `82f0aea026b3e3a526ec51bc073b3b864dc06cd9083ff9c54c550037045edaa9` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Kaal%20-%202019%20-%20Decentralization%20-%20Past%2C%20Present%2C%20and%20Future.pdf

**Failure mode.** sustaining-versus-disruptive-confusion  (family: incumbent-resistance-to-adoption)

**Topics.** innovation

**Keywords.** disruptive-innovation, incumbent-failure, management, technology-strategy

**Related claims.**

- restates: https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2808132-008
- extended_by: https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3808859-002

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of the claim. Its sha256 is the content hash used for attestation.