# kaal:claim:3652481-009

**Claim.** The immutability of blockchain ledgers is itself a vulnerability, because once a DAO is in operation its essential construction is very difficult to alter should a bug in the code appear.

**Type.** failure  **Support.** evidenced

**Holds when.**

- a bug exists in deployed DAO code

**Source quote.**

> The immutable nature of blockchain ledgers could also make the DAO vulnerable to attacks because it is so difficult to alter the essential construction of the DAO once the system is in operation, should a bug in the code arise.

**From.** Wulf A. Kaal, *Decentralized Autonomous Organizations – Internal Governance and External Legal Design* (2020), III. DAO Limitations, page 22

**Cite as.** Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralized Autonomous Organizations – Internal Governance and External Legal Design (2020). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3652481

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `530b3a40c244aeca2eb4c53f4c9b4d6b2962bd6be9f92b4ebe17139c17f4c0e0` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Kaal%20-%202020%20-%20Decentralized%20Autonomous%20Organizations%20%E2%80%93%20Internal%20Governance%20and%20External%20Legal%20Design.pdf

**Failure mode.** immutability trap  (family: smart-contract-rigidity)

**Topics.** smart-contracts, consensus-and-security, dao

**Keywords.** immutability, smart-contract-security, upgradeability, dao-limitations

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of the claim. Its sha256 is the content hash used for attestation.