{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "Claim",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3709041-035",
 "identifier": "kaal:claim:3709041-035",
 "text": "Coordinating large numbers of decentralized energy resources from a central point of control is slow, inefficient, and resource intensive, a vulnerability demonstrated by the 2001 U.S. Western Energy Crisis and the 2003 Northeast Blackout.",
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7840-1847"
 },
 "citation": "Kaal, Blockchain Technology for Good (2020). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3709041",
 "isBasedOn": {
  "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  "name": "Blockchain Technology for Good",
  "datePublished": "2020",
  "url": "https://ssrn.com/abstract=3709041",
  "sha256": "5216a7bca45a48e3bef11ec524936e66af737c0fd66271e9f6866dc20a4482cc",
  "encoding": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Kaal%20-%202020%20-%20Blockchain%20Technology%20for%20Good.pdf"
 },
 "keywords": [
  "institutional-design"
 ],
 "about": [
  "energy-grid",
  "central-coordination",
  "distributed-energy",
  "grid-resilience"
 ],
 "abstract": "Coordinating larger numbers of decentralized resources from a central point of control is slow, inefficient, and resource-intensive.",
 "additionalProperty": [
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "claim_type",
   "value": "failure"
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "confidence",
   "value": "evidenced"
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "scope_conditions",
   "value": [
    "applies to centrally managed grids coordinating distributed energy resources"
   ]
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "is_failure_mode",
   "value": true
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "attestations",
   "value": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/colloquium/attestations/c583c8c77fe9335eba3da58660e2d0a77d5d52c06dece1073047435a2307414b.json"
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "edges",
   "value": []
  }
 ],
 "isPartOf": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/index.json"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-27",
 "version": "1.0",
 "sha256": "c583c8c77fe9335eba3da58660e2d0a77d5d52c06dece1073047435a2307414b",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3709041-035.md"
}