# kaal:claim:3782191-017

**Claim.** No guarantee exists in a decentralized system that the randomly generated information filtering in at the edges is accurate, as on Amazon and the internet generally where there is no real attempt to clean the data.

**Type.** failure  **Support.** argued

**Holds when.**

- decentralized systems lacking verification infrastructure

**Source quote.**

> No guarantee exists in a decentralized system that the randomly-generated information is accurate. That is the case on Amazon and on the internet in general where there is no real attempt to clean the data.

**From.** Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, *Preface to* (2021), Basics of Decentralization, page 9

**Cite as.** Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Preface to (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782191

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `b0bf0529c3cf69839879bc4da476714efee2717a4beb768bd5c859b810e6174e` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Calcaterra%20and%20Kaal%20-%202021%20-%20Preface%20to.pdf

**Failure mode.** unverified-edge-information  (family: oracle-and-input-corruption)

**Topics.** decentralization

**Keywords.** information-quality, decentralization, verification, data-integrity

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of the claim. Its sha256 is the content hash used for attestation.