# kaal:claim:3782191-021

**Claim.** Independent and autonomous subgroups, formed randomly based on members' ability to contribute to a common cause and characterized by equality and mutual trust, form the backbone of decentralized structures.

**Type.** mechanism  **Support.** argued

**Holds when.**

- decentralized collaborative structures

**Source quote.**

> Independent and autonomous subgroups create the backbone of decentralized structures. Subgroups are formed randomly based on individual members' ability to contribute to the common cause of the group.

**From.** Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, *Preface to* (2021), Basics of Decentralization, page 10

**Cite as.** Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Preface to (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782191

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `b0bf0529c3cf69839879bc4da476714efee2717a4beb768bd5c859b810e6174e` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Calcaterra%20and%20Kaal%20-%202021%20-%20Preface%20to.pdf

**Topics.** reputation, decentralization

**Keywords.** subgroups, trust, decentralized-structures, collaboration

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of the claim. Its sha256 is the content hash used for attestation.