# kaal:claim:3782191-026

**Claim.** Centralization has two major flaws that inevitably lead to its downfall; the first is that every centralized organization has a single point of failure, binding the organization to a leader's poor decisions when that leader lacks information, skill, wisdom, or charisma.

**Type.** failure  **Support.** argued

**Holds when.**

- all centralized organizations
- aggravated when circumstances change faster than a leader can decide

**Source quote.**

> Centralization comes with two major flaws that inevi- tably lead to its downfall. First, every centralized organization has a single point of failure.

**From.** Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, *Preface to* (2021), What is decentralization? A mathematician's perspective from Craig Calcaterra, page 14

**Cite as.** Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Preface to (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782191

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `b0bf0529c3cf69839879bc4da476714efee2717a4beb768bd5c859b810e6174e` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Calcaterra%20and%20Kaal%20-%202021%20-%20Preface%20to.pdf

**Failure mode.** leader-single-point-of-failure  (family: recentralization-drift)

**Topics.** decentralization, institutional-design

**Keywords.** single-point-of-failure, centralization, leadership, organizational-collapse

**Related claims.**

- extended_by: https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782192-027
- generalizes: https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782217-005
- generalizes: https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4734750-013
- generalizes: https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4941807-014
- generalizes: https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782217-004

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of the claim. Its sha256 is the content hash used for attestation.