# kaal:claim:3782191-027

**Claim.** The second flaw of centralization is that a hierarchy's own success and efficiency makes members dependent on it until the structure ossifies and becomes too inflexible to reorganize and respond effectively to a novel crisis.

**Type.** failure  **Support.** argued

**Holds when.**

- successful hierarchies facing novel crises rather than predictable tasks

**Source quote.**

> Secondly, the very success and efficiency of a hierarchy leads its members to become dependent on it, relying unquestioningly on the institution's design.

**From.** Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, *Preface to* (2021), What is decentralization? A mathematician's perspective from Craig Calcaterra, page 14

**Cite as.** Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Preface to (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782191

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `b0bf0529c3cf69839879bc4da476714efee2717a4beb768bd5c859b810e6174e` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Calcaterra%20and%20Kaal%20-%202021%20-%20Preface%20to.pdf

**Failure mode.** hierarchical-ossification  (family: recentralization-drift)

**Topics.** systemic-risk, institutional-design

**Keywords.** ossification, hierarchy, novel-crisis, institutional-rigidity

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of the claim. Its sha256 is the content hash used for attestation.