# kaal:claim:3782192-001

**Claim.** Human group coordination progresses through three stages: chaos, then decentralized organization, then centralized hierarchy. Decentralized organization is not a deviation but the natural intermediate stage between no organization and a completed hierarchy.

**Type.** definitional  **Support.** argued

**Holds when.**

- human group coordination and institutional development generally

**Source quote.**

> Human group coordination naturally progresses from the first stage, chaos (barbari- ans ravaging the landscape, "Raahr!"), to decentralized organization ("Let's all agree to band together to defend ourselves from the barbarians"), to centralized organiza- tion ("Long live the king").

**From.** Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, *Introduction to Decentralization* (2021), Overview & Introduction: The process of organizational development, page 2

**Cite as.** Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Introduction to Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782192

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `e7eafd56cb8a8bd15b64cf58216bb655f939bdcc296387e362fd9191976d67ae` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Calcaterra%20and%20Kaal%20-%202021%20-%20Introduction%20to%20Decentralization.pdf

**Topics.** decentralization, institutional-design

**Keywords.** decentralization, organizational-development, chaos, hierarchy, stage-model

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