# kaal:claim:3782192-004

**Claim.** Centralization is not the optimal organizational structure under highly dynamic conditions; the very features that make centralized hierarchies efficient become their greatest weaknesses when conditions change.

**Type.** failure  **Support.** argued

**Holds when.**

- highly dynamic or rapidly changing environments

**Source quote.**

> But centralization is not the optimal organizational structure under highly dynamic conditions. The usual strengths of centralized hierarchies become their greatest weaknesses.

**From.** Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, *Introduction to Decentralization* (2021), Basic idea, page 6

**Cite as.** Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Introduction to Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782192

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `e7eafd56cb8a8bd15b64cf58216bb655f939bdcc296387e362fd9191976d67ae` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Calcaterra%20and%20Kaal%20-%202021%20-%20Introduction%20to%20Decentralization.pdf

**Failure mode.** Strengths-become-weaknesses under dynamism  (family: rule-obsolescence-and-ossification)

**Topics.** decentralization, institutional-design

**Keywords.** centralization, dynamic-conditions, rigidity, organizational-failure

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of the claim. Its sha256 is the content hash used for attestation.