# kaal:claim:3782192-013

**Claim.** Corruption is technically inevitable in any hierarchy, because it is impossible to create a perfectly efficient organization in practice and there is friction in every real system.

**Type.** failure  **Support.** argued

**Holds when.**

- any real hierarchy

**Source quote.**

> Corruption is technically inevitable in any hierarchy, since it is impossible to create a perfectly efficient organization in practice—there is friction in every real system.

**From.** Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, *Introduction to Decentralization* (2021), Overview & Introduction: The process of organizational development, page 5

**Cite as.** Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Introduction to Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782192

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `e7eafd56cb8a8bd15b64cf58216bb655f939bdcc296387e362fd9191976d67ae` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Calcaterra%20and%20Kaal%20-%202021%20-%20Introduction%20to%20Decentralization.pdf

**Failure mode.** Inevitable corruption in hierarchies  (family: recentralization-drift)

**Topics.** institutional-design

**Keywords.** corruption, inevitability, friction, hierarchy

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