# kaal:claim:3782192-031

**Claim.** Western democracies still run on structures developed decades or centuries ago and have no formal interaction with the new data stream produced by modern information technology.

**Type.** failure  **Support.** asserted

**Holds when.**

- contemporary Western democracies

**Source quote.**

> Western democracies are still using the structures developed decades or centuries ago, and lack any formal interaction with this new data stream.

**From.** Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, *Introduction to Decentralization* (2021), Present, page 8

**Cite as.** Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Introduction to Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782192

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `e7eafd56cb8a8bd15b64cf58216bb655f939bdcc296387e362fd9191976d67ae` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Calcaterra%20and%20Kaal%20-%202021%20-%20Introduction%20to%20Decentralization.pdf

**Failure mode.** Institutional lag of democratic structures  (family: rule-obsolescence-and-ossification)

**Topics.** institutional-design, governance-design

**Keywords.** democracy, institutional-lag, information-technology, governance

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