# kaal:claim:3782193-023

**Claim.** A decentralized organization cannot be conquered by attacking it from the outside: when attacked, the group merely decentralizes further, and its members become more autonomous and more devoted to the founding principles of the organization.

**Type.** failure  **Support.** argued

**Holds when.**

- external coercive attack on a politically decentralized group

**Source quote.**

> This illustrates that a decentralized organization cannot be conquered by attacking it from the out- side. When you do, the group merely decentralizes further. Members become more autonomous and more devoted to the principles upon which the organization was founded.

**From.** Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, *Historical Sketches of Centralization vs. Decentralization* (2021), Political centralization in China and Europe, page 18

**Cite as.** Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Historical Sketches of Centralization vs. Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782193

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `74df9cc9a19a098bdacd0424a4174795f6e184f7a31c8ee7541195186701ebd2` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Calcaterra%20and%20Kaal%20-%202021%20-%20Historical%20Sketches%20of%20Centralization%20vs.%20Decentralization.pdf

**Failure mode.** Attack-induced decentralization  (family: enforcement-gap)

**Topics.** decentralization

**Keywords.** decentralization, conquest, resilience, apache, counterinsurgency

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