# kaal:claim:3782193-025

**Claim.** Giving the Apaches cattle in 1917 succeeded where military force had failed because the valuable assets created a zero-sum battle over resources between lineages, generating the internal competition necessary to produce a hierarchy of power over the disbursement of resources and property.

**Type.** mechanism  **Support.** evidenced

**Holds when.**

- introduction of divisible valuable assets into a decentralized group

**Source quote.**

> As Nevins explained, the introduction of the cattle created "a zero-sum battle over resources between lineages".26 The valuable assets created the internal competition necessary to generate a hierarchy of power over disbursement of resources and property.

**From.** Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, *Historical Sketches of Centralization vs. Decentralization* (2021), The Apaches vs. Bitcoin, page 21

**Cite as.** Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Historical Sketches of Centralization vs. Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782193

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `74df9cc9a19a098bdacd0424a4174795f6e184f7a31c8ee7541195186701ebd2` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Calcaterra%20and%20Kaal%20-%202021%20-%20Historical%20Sketches%20of%20Centralization%20vs.%20Decentralization.pdf

**Failure mode.** Asset-induced centralization  (family: recentralization-drift)

**Topics.** risk-and-incentives, decentralization, economics

**Keywords.** apache, incentive-design, centralization, profit-motive, zero-sum-competition

**Related claims.**

- extended_by: https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782203-024

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of the claim. Its sha256 is the content hash used for attestation.