# kaal:claim:3782193-028

**Claim.** Almost every blockchain project the authors are aware of is suffering under the centralizing force of competition for equity control and profit, and such projects predictably move toward centralization when unconscious of these forces.

**Type.** empirical  **Support.** asserted

**Holds when.**

- contemporary for-profit blockchain and Web3 projects

**Source quote.**

> In fact, almost every blockchain project we're aware of is suffering under the central- izing force of competition for equity control and profit.

**From.** Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, *Historical Sketches of Centralization vs. Decentralization* (2021), The Apaches vs. Bitcoin, page 22

**Cite as.** Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Historical Sketches of Centralization vs. Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782193

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `74df9cc9a19a098bdacd0424a4174795f6e184f7a31c8ee7541195186701ebd2` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Calcaterra%20and%20Kaal%20-%202021%20-%20Historical%20Sketches%20of%20Centralization%20vs.%20Decentralization.pdf

**Failure mode.** Blockchain governance centralization  (family: recentralization-drift)

**Topics.** blockchain, decentralization, governance-design

**Keywords.** blockchain, web3, centralization, profit-motive, governance

**Related claims.**

- extended_by: https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782214-018
- extended_by: https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782214-026

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of the claim. Its sha256 is the content hash used for attestation.