# kaal:claim:3782198-031

**Claim.** Proof of work consensus is energetically wasteful because the entire global network redundantly computes wrong nonces, with the Bitcoin network consuming as much energy as the country of the Czech Republic.

**Type.** empirical  **Support.** evidenced

**Holds when.**

- figures given for June 2020

**Source quote.**

> The Bitcoin network is performing about #)!% =K55,555,555,555,555,555,555 hashes every second in June )5)5. That requires as much energy as the entire country of the Czech Republic.

**From.** Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, *Contemporary Decentralization* (2021), New tools: blockchain protocols, page 31

**Cite as.** Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Contemporary Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782198

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `e7e1378e3eed06cace6534e7792a7307d607d18bc6beb4ac45896476280728e4` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Calcaterra%20and%20Kaal%20-%202021%20-%20Contemporary%20Decentralization.pdf

**Failure mode.** proof-of-work-energy-waste  (family: environmental-and-resource-cost)

**Topics.** consensus-and-security, tokenomics, economics

**Keywords.** proof-of-work, energy, bitcoin, efficiency, environment

**Related claims.**

- supports: https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3266953-017
- restates: https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2992962-007
- extended_by: https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782203-029
- supports: https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3125827-032

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of the claim. Its sha256 is the content hash used for attestation.