# kaal:claim:3782198-035

**Claim.** Anonymity can exacerbate second and third order discrimination because it makes such discrimination more difficult to detect, so other governance mechanisms in a decentralized organization must be used to combat it.

**Type.** failure  **Support.** argued

**Holds when.**

- applies where members infer protected characteristics from behavior, and to systemic discrimination

**Source quote.**

> In fact, anonymity can exacerbate )nd and Grd-order effects, as it makes it more difficult to detect. To combat such effects, different mechanisms in the governance of a decentralized organization must be employed.

**From.** Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, *Contemporary Decentralization* (2021), Anonymity: pros and cons, page 34

**Cite as.** Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Contemporary Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782198

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `e7e1378e3eed06cace6534e7792a7307d607d18bc6beb4ac45896476280728e4` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Calcaterra%20and%20Kaal%20-%202021%20-%20Contemporary%20Decentralization.pdf

**Failure mode.** anonymity-masks-systemic-discrimination  (family: inequality-and-access-divide)

**Topics.** dao, governance-design

**Keywords.** anonymity, discrimination, dao-governance, detection, governance-mechanisms

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of the claim. Its sha256 is the content hash used for attestation.