# kaal:claim:3782201-010

**Claim.** Centralized authorities have a long record of using crises to justify the introduction of monitoring tools that outlast their original purpose.

**Type.** empirical  **Support.** evidenced

**Source quote.**

> centralized authorities have a long rec- ord of using crises to justify the introduction of monitoring tools that outlast their original purpose.

**From.** Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, *Future of Decentralization* (2021), Reputation systems and Orwellian nightmares, page 17

**Cite as.** Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Future of Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782201

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `bedf7bcfbb7a9b0112b5848cb0d941b1d41f330dafeee0143a30ff5e8aa53700` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Calcaterra%20and%20Kaal%20-%202021%20-%20Future%20of%20Decentralization.pdf

**Failure mode.** crisis ratchet in surveillance  (family: privacy-and-surveillance-risk)

**Topics.** reputation

**Keywords.** surveillance, crisis-ratchet, contact-tracing, reputation-systems

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of the claim. Its sha256 is the content hash used for attestation.