# kaal:claim:3782201-021

**Claim.** Despite billions of dollars of investment, radically decentralized tools including bitcoin currency, Ethereum smart contracts, and the InterPlanetary File System have not pervaded the mainstream economy.

**Type.** empirical  **Support.** asserted

**Holds when.**

- as of the first decade after Bitcoin's invention

**Source quote.**

> These radically decentralized tools have not pervaded the mainstream economy despite billions of dollars in investment.

**From.** Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, *Future of Decentralization* (2021), Obstacles to decentralization, page 22

**Cite as.** Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Future of Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782201

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `bedf7bcfbb7a9b0112b5848cb0d941b1d41f330dafeee0143a30ff5e8aa53700` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Calcaterra%20and%20Kaal%20-%202021%20-%20Future%20of%20Decentralization.pdf

**Failure mode.** adoption gap  (family: adoption-and-usability-barrier)

**Topics.** tokenomics, decentralization, economics

**Keywords.** adoption-failure, bitcoin, ethereum, decentralized-economy

**Related claims.**

- supported_by: https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782205-003
- supports: https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782192-036

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of the claim. Its sha256 is the content hash used for attestation.