# kaal:claim:3782201-032

**Claim.** Geographical monopolies over traffic control create information silos and constrain knowledge exchange, and the resulting lack of competition and cooperation impedes innovation, including at the protocol level, while diminishing consumer protection and rights.

**Type.** mechanism  **Support.** argued

**Source quote.**

> These monopolies cre- ate information silos and constrain knowledge exchange. The resulting lack of compe- tition and cooperation impedes innovation, including at the protocol level and dimin- ished consumer protection and rights.

**From.** Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, *Future of Decentralization* (2021), Overhead institutions are catalysts for the economy, page 27

**Cite as.** Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Future of Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782201

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `bedf7bcfbb7a9b0112b5848cb0d941b1d41f330dafeee0143a30ff5e8aa53700` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Calcaterra%20and%20Kaal%20-%202021%20-%20Future%20of%20Decentralization.pdf

**Failure mode.** monopoly induced information silos  (family: recentralization-drift)

**Topics.** innovation

**Keywords.** monopoly, information-silos, innovation, consumer-protection

**Related claims.**

- extended_by: https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3808859-033

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of the claim. Its sha256 is the content hash used for attestation.