# kaal:claim:3782203-013

**Claim.** Across all the alternative polling methods explored in the literature, changes both help and hurt: new approaches solve old problems while creating new opportunities for manipulation, a pattern the authors identify with increasing the attack surface.

**Type.** failure  **Support.** argued

**Holds when.**

- alternative voting and polling mechanisms
- continuous or weighted voting technologies

**Source quote.**

> In all the methods dis- cussed the answer has always been that changes both help and hurt. New approaches solve old problems, but they create new opportunities for manipulation.

**From.** Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, *A Technical Perspective on Decentralization* (2021), Arrow’s Impossibility Theorem, page 9

**Cite as.** Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, A Technical Perspective on Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782203

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `ab8a22d0dbb026a09212a4c85963f3c05787cf80775e8613ae3724e3883e7a56` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Calcaterra%20and%20Kaal%20-%202021%20-%20A%20Technical%20Perspective%20on%20Decentralization.pdf

**Failure mode.** attack-surface-expansion  (family: consensus-and-protocol-attack)

**Topics.** consensus-and-security, governance-design

**Keywords.** attack-surface, voting-mechanisms, manipulation, mechanism-design

**Related claims.**

- extends: https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3125827-002

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of the claim. Its sha256 is the content hash used for attestation.