# kaal:claim:3782205-003

**Claim.** Prototypes exist for only two of the eight required institutions, decentralized currency in Bitcoin and distributed computation for smart contracts in Ethereum, and most of the rest are still missing.

**Type.** empirical  **Support.** asserted

**Holds when.**

- state of the field as of 2021

**Source quote.**

> Engineers have managed to prototype two of the solutions: decentralized cur- rency (Bitcoin) and the distributed computing needed to make smart contracts (Ethereum). We're still missing most of them.

**From.** Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, *Eight Institutions for the Evolution of Decentralization* (2021), Chapter 9. Eight institutions, page 2

**Cite as.** Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Eight Institutions for the Evolution of Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782205

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `5ba52c63e81019b6867fb29c4a50821ff574e510d79b31b8ce9f4c726a0ebc71` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Calcaterra%20and%20Kaal%20-%202021%20-%20Eight%20Institutions%20for%20the%20Evolution%20of%20Decentralization.pdf

**Topics.** tokenomics, smart-contracts, decentralization

**Keywords.** bitcoin, ethereum, smart-contracts, decentralization, prototypes

**Related claims.**

- supports: https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782201-021

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of the claim. Its sha256 is the content hash used for attestation.