# kaal:claim:3782214-002

**Claim.** Corruption has arisen in every organizational circumstance in recorded history, including the least extreme case of identified members of a single culture interacting face to face with deep community ties, so governance design cannot assume corruption can be eliminated.

**Type.** failure  **Support.** asserted

**Source quote.**

> Throughout history, however, people have repeatedly failed to organize effectively, and corruption has arisen in every circumstance, even without anonymity, in the less extreme situation involving identified members of the same culture under face-to-face circumstances with deep community ties.

**From.** Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, *Decentralized Governance* (2021), Chapter 6. Governance, page 2

**Cite as.** Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralized Governance (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782214

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `ba892bb200c1455447c0014f5067a501a93ea9ec413c31942d95952eb3bdfd9d` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Calcaterra%20and%20Kaal%20-%202021%20-%20Decentralized%20Governance.pdf

**Failure mode.** universal corruption  (family: fraud-and-misconduct)

**Topics.** governance-design, institutional-design, dao

**Keywords.** corruption, governance-history, institutional-design, dao-governance

**Related claims.**

- restates: https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3441904-019

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of the claim. Its sha256 is the content hash used for attestation.