# kaal:claim:3782214-017

**Claim.** The engineering assumption that such problems can be entirely avoided through perfect system design is naive: exceptions will always exist because business competition always seeks optimal solutions that sit at the limits of the rules.

**Type.** failure  **Support.** argued

**Holds when.**

- competitive commercial environments

**Source quote.**

> The typical engineering attitude is that such problems can be entirely avoided with perfect system design. This is naïve. Exceptions will always exist. Business com- petition always seeks optimal solutions which occur at the limits of the rules of behav- ior.

**From.** Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, *Decentralized Governance* (2021), Decentralized governance with new IT tools, page 8

**Cite as.** Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralized Governance (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782214

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `ba892bb200c1455447c0014f5067a501a93ea9ec413c31942d95952eb3bdfd9d` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Calcaterra%20and%20Kaal%20-%202021%20-%20Decentralized%20Governance.pdf

**Failure mode.** perfect design fallacy  (family: smart-contract-rigidity)

**Topics.** regulatory-failure, governance-design

**Keywords.** system-design, exceptions, rule-gaming, governance-design

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of the claim. Its sha256 is the content hash used for attestation.